Basics

AI stands for Artificial Intelligence
It has two main forms:
- Artificial Select Intelligence (Specialized, is what almost all AI is today)
- Artificial General Intelligence (Not tied to a specific task; like a human)
AI is great for finding patterns in data sets, thi can be good for real world applications like obsticle avoidance, or object recognition. It is also very useful for very complex data sets like scientific or economic data.
It is usually quite a heavy CPU or GPU load (especially for more broad scientific and economic workloads)
Because of the above reasons a Workstation PC, or a small server/render farm, may be worth it in the long run (to reduce training times etc)

Used For

List - https://www.datamation.com/open-source/slideshows/15-top-open-source-artificial-intelligence-tools.html
Machine learning for beginners at Tensorflow - [1]
Computer vision applications - find a hole in cut and cut around it on the torch table - [2]
Image Recognition - [3]
Advertising, customer intelligence, predictive modeling. Mission - "To Bring Beautiful Business Transformation Through AI and Visual Intelligence" - [4]
Machine learning library for Python - executable through simple programs - [5]
Intro tutorial on neural networks - [6]
Free but not open - expert systems and text understanding - [7]
Collaborative filtering - [8]
Web query response in realtime - [9]
Natural language processing - [10]
Track customer service, direct airport traffic - [11]